A standard recourse-to-the-issuer debt obligation for which the proceeds shall be credited to a sub-account, moved to a sub-portfolio or otherwise tracked by the issuer and attested to by a formal internal process that will be linked to the issuer’s lending and investment operations for Eligible Projects & Assets.

Certified Climate Bonds: NAB, ANZ, ABN AMRO, Axis Bank, Westpac, Deutsche Kredit Bank, Treasury Corporation Victoria, NTPC

A non-recourse debt obligation in which the credit exposure in the bond is to the pledged cash flows of the revenue streams, fees, taxes etc., and the use of proceeds of the bond goes to related or unrelated Eligible Projects & Assets.

Certified Climate Bonds: New York MTA, San Francisco PUC

A project bond for a single or multiple Eligible Projects & Assets for which the investor has direct exposure to the risk of the project(s) with or without potential recourse to the issuer.

Certified Climate Bonds: AP Renewables, Inc (with ADB), ReNew Power

A bond collateralized by one or more specific Eligible Projects & Assets, including Asset Backed Securities (“ABS”), Mortgage Backed Securities (“MBS”), and other securitisation structures. The only source of repayment is the cash flows of the assets.

Certified Climate Bonds: Flexigroup, Obvion

If the bond was Certified at issue but later converted to equity, then its status as a Certified Climate Bond would end at the point of conversion.

A dual recourse bond which relies primarily on repayment from the issuer, but also has access to a pool of assets (the cover pool). The cover pool often comprises mortgages, but Other assets can be used as collateral too. For instance the German Pfandbrief market includes Mortgage Pfandbrief, Public Pfandbrief, Ship and Aircraft Pfandfbrief. Luxembourg has proposed a law on renewable infrastructure covered bonds.

“Sukuk” is a term referring to various types of quasi-debt securities that have been developed to meet the strictures of Islamic finance. One of the core principals underlying Islamic finance is avoiding the payment or collecting of interest. A variety of financial instruments have been created that serve the same purpose as bonds and other debt securities, but on which interest technically is not paid. 

Certified Climate Bonds: Nordex

Short-term debt securities. Unsecured promissory notes issued by strong credits including both financial institutions and non-bank corporates, generally with maturity of 270 days or less. 'Short-term' in this context means that it has a term of less than 365 days where issued in the UK. Different rules apply in the US market.

Certified Climate Bonds: Contact Energy

A credit line made available to borrowers to finance projects or for other purposes.  Loans can be secured and unsecured. Typical examples of secured loans are project finance facilities and mortgages.

Loan types include bilateral facilities between a borrower or borrower group and single lender); syndicated facilities between a borrower/borrower group and a club or syndicate of lenders, which may include non-bank lenders such a insurance companies, debt funds, hedge funds and private equity investors; structured finance, which includes loan tranches with different risk and pricing charactrestics; facilities designed for a specific function such as export credit facility, credit line, etc.

A loan facility can use a set of screens or criteria to identify which underlying assets can be financed via the facility. Screens could include underlying assets must meet the sector-specific criteria of the Climate Bonds Standard. 

The Loan Market Association published the Green Loan Principles in March 2018 which provide similar guidance for green loans as the ICMA Green Bond Principles provide for green bonds.

Loans Certified under the Climate Bonds Standard: MEP Werke, Quadran Energies Libres, Ivanhoe Cambridge and Natixis Assurances (DUO), OVG

A loan agreement between one lender and the borrower(s)

A loan from a number of different lenders acting together. The lenders form a syndicate and the borrower borrows from the syndicate. Common types of syndicated loans are underwritten deals, best-effort deals and club deals. Usually structured by one of several commercial banks or investment

banks, can also include ‘non-bank’ lenders such as debt funds, insurance companies, hedge funds or pension funds.

and similar credit lines with a term of exceeding one year, where the parties to the loan must agree how the flow of funds will be evidenced.